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Brief History of the State Technical Library

All the places where our library has ever been situated


On 01/01/1718, when the professorship of engineering was set up in Prague by the Czech estates and Ch. J. Willenberg was appointed to be the professor, Prof. Willenberg was given a one-off subsidy of 300 gold coins for the purchase of books and teaching aids which would be owned by the masters of the estates. They were to be situated in the apartment of Prof. Willenberg where he used to teach his 12 students for 1 hour a day.

Prof. Willenberg lived in Saxon House on Mala Strana at that time. This house still stands, it is the first house on the left side of Mostecka street ( coming from the direction of the Charles' Bridge towards Malostranske Square), adjacent to the Malostranska Bridge Tower. There is a commemorative plaque on the house which gives information on the history of the house, however, there is no mention of the seat of the professorship of engineering.

In 1720, Prof. Willenberg moved, along with the library, to the Old Town in response to students complaints that the journey across the bridge took up too much of their time (they lived in colleges in the Old Town). He moved to a house on the corner of the Liliova and Anenska streets which was called the Tailors' Guild Inn (popina sartorum) at that time. The house still stands, it is the house on the right-hand corner of Liliova and Anenska streets coming from the direction of Liliova Street to Anensky Little Square.

On 01/03/1726, Prof. Willenberg retired and Johan Ferdinand Schor was appointed to the new professor. The students started to visit the apartment of Prof. Schor in the house At the Golden Wreath on Small Square and thus the library was moved there. It was the middle one of the 3 houses which were demolished in the year 1906 and today the house on the corner of Small Square and Linhartska Street stands in its place.

On 13/02/1767, Franz Leonhard Herget was appointed to be the third (and the last) professor at the Estates' Engineering School. The place of teaching and library moved to his apartment in Broumov House on Kozi Little Square. This house was demolished around the year 1900 and the building which is the seat of the Mining Bureau stands approximately in its place.

After 1776, Prof. Herget lived in the house on the corner of Old Town Square and Melantrichova Street (Sirkova Street at that time) where the school and its library were situated in a large room, full of light, on the 1st floor. The house still stands, it has been renovated and we can see the windows of this room from Old Town Square.

In 1786, the building of St. Wenceslas' Seminary in Husova Street (Dominikanska Street at that time), which was vacated by the abolished Jesuitical Order, was assigned to Prof. Herget by the provincial estates as the Estates' Engineering School, that is, as the seat of the professorship of engineering.

In this building, the Estates' Engineering School was transformed into the Estates' Polytechnic Institute in 1806. This was divided into two institutes a Czech institute and a German institute in the year 1869. The German institute, called the German Technical University from 1879, remained in this building until it was abolished in the year 1945. The library which was shared by both the Czech and the German Technical Universities resided here until the year 1935. The house still stands, it belongs to CVUT (the Czech Technical University) and there is a plaque on it which commemorates the founding of the Estates' Engineering School by Ch. J. Willenberg. In 1856, Prof. Jelinek recorded in the Festschrift made on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Estates' Polytechnic Institute that the library had 3 rooms occupying a total area of 31.8 m2 on the first floor of the institute.

On 29/07/1864, the vicarious library official J. Sitte informed the professor's staff that a study room for students was ready to be opened; the rear part of the apartment of the director of the institute was to be used for this purpose. This had been vacated because, since the re-organization of the institute based on its new status which was established in the year 1863, the institute was no longer managed by a director, instead it was managed by a rector who was elected by the staff of professors for the term of 1 year.

On 14/05/1935, the library was re-located in the specially adapted space of the east wing of Klementinum where the library has remained until today.



Funds of the Estates' Engineering School in Prague


The text has been prepared according to pages 39 - 41 of the publication Rare Old Books in the State Technical Library in Prague. The selection has been made and is accompanied by an introduction and explanation by dr. Marie L. Cerna-Slapakova (Prague : State Ped. Publishing House, 1971. - 344 pages.)

In the estates' engineering hall in the building of St. Wenceslas' seminary in the street which is called Husova today and which was called Dominikanska at that time, many hundreds of models from almost every technical field were concentrated in addition to the collections of the former mathematics museum which were kept in Klementinum.

These valuable holdings included an extensive collection of maps and drawings and a technical library which had been collecting scientific works both from Bohemia and abroad since the first years of the operation of the engineering school. As early as 1801, professor Gerstner established that the library included approximately 1,000 books, maps and drawings when he took over the estates' engineering hall for the planned establishment of the polytechnic institute. According to a later report, preserved by K. Jelinek, the library of the former engineering school contained 291 works in 338 volumes from the fields of mathematics, mechanics and civil engineering and 236 works in 266 volumes from the field of warfare and fortification, thus making a total of 527 works in 604 volumes. The remainder of the 1,000 piece collection ( as stated by Gerstner ) consisted of the collection of maps and drawings.

The contents of the library were extensive. Not only was the whole scope of the technical operations monitored but also technical innovations in manufacturing, factories and, last but not the least, developments in the world of art were monitored so that the education of the domestic craftsmen and artists could be guided accordingly. The greatest part of the foreign literature collection was supplied through the Prague bookshop of J. G. Calve, as documented by the invoices sent by the polytechnic institute to the Provincial Committee and by the lists of literature purchased each year.

Additions to the library and the collections started to increase rapidly when the administration function was assumed by the talented chemist Karel N. Balling, who was one of the most significant scientists of the Prague polytechnic institute. He administered the library with exemplary care from 1831 - 1865, that is, over a period when the polytechnic institute in Prague had long since outgrown the foundations which had been laid by Gerstner and his colleagues. Balling, with his sense of organisation, was the first administrator to arrange the library of the Polytechnic Institute. In some cases, we can presume that he just strengthened the old well-established order and from his reports, we can draw information on how the library looked at the beginning of his period of office. The Festschrift of K. Jelinek, published on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Polytechnic Institute in Prague in 1856, was issued at the time when professor K. N. Balling was still active and therefore it can be presumed that he had provided K. Jelinek with the report on the library.

According to this report, the library occupied three rooms on the 1st floor of the building of St. Wenceslas' Seminary and was always administered by one of the members of the academic staff under the supervision of the directorship. For each department, operations were arranged according to the department's scientific field for which a certain financial amount was allocated from each annual budget. During the times of Jelinek, this amounted to an annual total of 800 golden coins. By the end of the year 1856, the library of the Polytechnic Institute already contained 3,745 works in 6,729 volumes, which were supplemented by a further 426 works in 544 volumes in the library of the former middle school which was associated with the Polytechnic Institute.

Perhaps to Balling's greatest credit is the fact that he gathered together all the institutes holdings, which where previously distributed amongst the professors studies and seminary rooms. They kept a register of books which related to the field of their teaching and they supplemented their own holdings themselves, as is evident from the preserved list of books relating to professor Steinmanns area of teaching. Therefore, we can refer to a self-contained library of the Polytechnic Institute only after Balling's administration. This fact is also supported by a directive issued in 1838 which stated that "the purpose of the library of the Polytechnic Institute is to further educate the academic staff and to acquaint them with developments in the field of science and inventions. Outstanding students may be given permission to use the library upon recommendation by a professor."

The most important later development concerning the library, was the decision made in 1869 that after the division of the Polytechnic Institute in Prague into a Czech and a German institute, the library was to continue to serve both institutions. The library remained in the old building in the street which was formerly called Dominikanska and which is called Husova today. It suffered from a lack of space for accommodating the growing holdings. This continued until it evolved into the Library of Technical Universities which was moved to the wing of Klementinum in 1935, which had been adapted specifically for that purpose.

In the holdings of this modern technical library, books and journals of the Estates' Engineering School and Polytechnic Institute were preserved as they had been arranged in the first third of the 19th century, not later than in the year 1831, when Karel Napoleon Balling was charged with supervising the library, at that time he was still an assistent professor, however, leter he was made a full proffesor.


© 1999 State Technical Library